Created in the 1940s by Marian Chace, dance/movement therapy (DMT) is a psychotherapeutic practice. .The term 'Chacian circle comes from Marian Chace's approach to Dance Movement therapy. Since she created this approach, the Chacian Circle has become a very frequent and popular way of doing group therapy by DM therapists.Today's class introduces Marian Chace as the creator of the field of Dance Therapy in the East Coast.
II
Learning Objectives
Understand the importance of making eye contact
Explain why the term reflecting is more accurate than mirroring when using it in Dance Movement Therapy.
Gain an awareness of attunement & kinesthetic empathy
Experience what would be like to be a client or therapist through role playing
III
Check In
IV
Main Lesson
Review
The therapeutic Encounter / The Therapeutic Presence
Dr. Aditi Nerurkar is a Harvard physician nationally recognized stressed expert and modern day burnout. Going back to this interview, we may remember that she spoke about the therapeutic presence of the therapist. Let us watch again.
2. (35:00 - 41:10)
2. Professor's Reflection on therapeutic encounter:
I
think the therapeutic encounter is enhanced when using DMT. It depends,
of course, on the therapeutic presence of the therapist. Dr. mentions
eye to eye level, mirroring and being authentic as key elements in the
development of therapeutic presence and subsequently the therapeutic
encounter. The circle provides an environment in which the therapeutic
encounter can take place. The therapeutic session rooted in creative
movement, chants, mirroring and kinesthetic empathy makes DMT an ideal
way to develop a therapeutic relationship. The eye to eye level exercise we all find so difficult to endure allows us to develop a preliminary sense of what our own therapeutic presence may feel like.
1
Video 1
Dr. Arredondo is an expert on neurological or
mental dysfunction and gauging the contribution of those causes to an
individual's emotional, vocational, family, serving the greater San Francisco metropolitan area including San Jose,
Silicon Valley and the Peninsula. He is a treating clinician also
provides psychotherapy for adults including those who struggle with
divorce, depression, anxiety, chemical dependency, substance abuse and a
wide range of other personal and interpersonal issues. He is a graduate
of Harvard College (cum laude) and Harvard Medical School.
In
addition to his private practice, he has helped organizations develop
effective models of service delivery for disenfranchised and underserved
children and families facing multiple adversities. His primary focus is
the transferring of knowledge of childhood development, autism, the
effects of emotional trauma, and current thinking about the importance
of human connectedness to practitioners from multiple disciplines. He is
an experienced psychologist.
He is also the founding director of
The Children's Program, Solomon, Compassionate Neuroscience and The
Office of Child Development. An author, expert witness, lecturer, and
consultant, David's work has been featured in the New Yorker, PBS and
NPR; He has testified on behalf of children for the ACLU. Most
recently he has translated recent advances in developmental neuroscience
into a practice improvement model that is child and family friendly.
Question 1
Write your response to the information given in the video in reference to eye to eye contact.
Video 2
(1:30 - 3:41)
What the baby needs is the synchrony of the mom's movement and gaze, the
baby needs attunement (mutual responsiveness and interaction in real
time). Attunement leads to secure attachment and, consequently, self regulation.
secure attachment: Mom is often attuned to the child and responsive to his/her needs.
insecure attachment: Mom is not attuned to the child nor responsive to his/her needs.
Types of insecure attachment:
avoidant: rarely attuned to you and rarely responsive to your needs
ambivalent: Sometimes attuned to you, sometimes responsive to your needs and sometimes preoccupied with her own emotions
disorganized;
a care giver who did not attuned to them and scared them. They
developed a paradoxical paradigm. On one hand they want go to the parent
for protection at the same time that they fear their parent. The child
dis-regulates because the abusive parental behavior of the parent gives
them no choice but to go to him/her or protection.
What if the person you run home too terrifies you?
Trauma that happens at home is the most disorganizing and traumatic trauma that affects the brain.
Memory:
According to neuroscientist Dan Siagelin The Developing Mind, memory is
how events that occurred in the past affect the present.
Implicit memory: A wave of internal non-verbal sensations and images or behavior impulses.
Explicit memory: The generic idea of memory.
Question 2
What could be the consequences of the mother's neglectful style for the baby?
Why could we say that DMT is generalizable even for children?
Mirroring
Although mirroring is
generally defined as the subconscious replication of another person's
nonverbal signals, in Dance/Movement Therapy, mirroring or reflecting
other person's movement is a conscious attempt at developing a
connection with that person through the language of the body. Mirroring
is the preliminary step in understanding atunement and kinesthetic
empathy.
Question 4
Why would you say some therapists prefer to use the term reflecting as opposed to mirroring.
3
Attunement
Attunement: The results of the study show that successful attunement in dance movement therapy draws
the client's attention to the present moment; it encourages individual
spontaneity, playfulness, and creativity; promotes embodiment, and thus
the integration of mind and body.
Question 5
What exercise from class would you classify as an example of attunement?
4
Marian Chace
Marian
Chace is one of the founders of modern dance therapy. She was born 31
October 1896 in Providence, Rhode Island. She thought of herself first
as a dancer and maintained that one needed to have the art form well
integrated within oneself in order to then make use of it as a
therapeutic modality. From her own experiences, she extrapolated those
concepts and principles which are basic to facilitating therapeutic
change.
She
understood the essence of the art form of dance and how it relates to
the needs of human beings for communication and understanding. Her
ability to observe these communications in movement led to responses
that answered confusion and isolation.
Chace
offered dignity and compassion in surroundings bereft of such. Her
intuitive trust of the body and its expression in movement led to a way
of thinking that evolved into structures that could be taught to
others.
She was a woman of conviction and courage and she unflinchingly shared her truths despite personal insecurities. She died on July 19, 1970.
Question 6
Who was Marian Chace?
5
Chace was made
the first full-time dance therapist in 1947. Her studies in psychodrama
and at the Washington School of Psychiatry enabled her to meet Dr.Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, a leader in the work with schizophrenic patients at Chestnut Lodge, a private psychiatric hospital in Rockville, Maryland.
(7:40 - 12:49)
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and First-person Narratives of Madness - Gail Hornstein, Ph.D.
Question 7
Why are the patient's own narratives of madness useful to the therapeutic process?
6
Chace's Contributions to DMT
Chace set forth four basic concepts that lay the foundation of dance and movement as therapy:
The use of body action.
The use of rhythmic activity.
The use of symbolic imagery.
Therapeutic movement relationship.
One
of the important ideas that Chace evolved was that tensions and
distortions of the body are reflections of traumatic experience.
However,
there is a relationship between change and readiness for change and
“only when he is ready for it will it become meaningful to him and
effect a change in his body image…”
She
understood that movement was symbolic of the unconscious and by
reflecting and building on the movement offered, the patient could begin
to claim the expression as his own and explore new possibilities.
She
understood how to integrate the verbal and non-verbal in a way that
flowed one to the other without awkward shifts. Her use of kinesthetic
empathy was basic to the process.
These
principles and structures have since been elaborated on by others and
modified to meet different problems. However, her vision of dance as
therapy and the concepts she evolved, remain core precepts which can be
applied to behavioral theory.
Question 8
Which contribution you think was the most important for the field of Dance Therapy?
V
A Note to Remember
Making
eye contact leads clients and therapists to establish a deep
connection. Doing so makes it easier to reflect on each other's
movements as clients express feelings, images and traumatic memories
through their bodies. Reflecting the movement of clients allows the
therapist to attune to the clients' movements and what they express.
VI
Case Study
Danielle Fraenkel
Dr. Danielle L. Fraenkel founded Kinections in
1984 to bring dance/movement therapy to people struggling with eating
disorders, depression, creative blocks, etc. Dr. Fraenkel teaches GSWS 242 - Dance/Movement Therapy Foundations at the University of Rochester (U of R) in Rochester, New York.
Kinesthetic Empathy
Question 9
According to Danielle Fraenkel, why is kinesthetic empathy the keystone of Dance Movement Therapy?
VII
Activity 1
1.
Find a private space in the room, close your eyes, focus on your
breath, and begin to express in movement what you feel, what you think,
what you sense.
2. Continue moving. Identify movement that repeats and establish that movement as a motif or theme.
3. Expand on that movement and make it bigger, more abstract, a movement metaphor.
4. Keep that movement metaphor handy to use it in the next part of the exercise.
5. Find a partner. Take turns to role play. One plays
therapist and the other plays client. Use the concepts discussed by
Danielle Fraenkel to create a muck session in which you join,
reflect, echo, your partners' themes in movement through attunement and
kinesthetic empathy.
6.
Sit down together to verbally reflect on the experience through
dialoguing with each other. Write about it and post it on Discussion
Board.
I Unit: The Language of Movement Theme: Case Studies Introduction The Power of Movement is a film that focuses on the use of dance therapy to allow individuals to reach into themselves and also to facilitate interaction among people. It was produced in 1982 by film-maker Norris Brock and dance/movement therapists Diane Duggan and Judith Bunney. II Check In III Learning Objectives Understand the diversity of populations dance/movement therapy can help to heal Explain the different approaches of the dance/movement therapists featured in the film Gain an awareness of the role of the dance/movement therapists Experience a hypothetical scenario in which dance/movement therapy can be used IV Main Lesson Film The Power of Movement by Norris Brock (2:07 - 30:15) Featured Dance/Movement Therapists Sharon Chaiklin Joan Chodorow Jane Downes Barbara Stain Susan Sandel V A Note to Remember The main role of dance/movement therapists, no m...
I Unit: Assessment Theme: Mid-Term Quiz Introduction Every semester I assess your understanding of the content covered so far. Just right before the progress report's dead line, you test your own abilities to retain some of the themes we have learned and experienced together. Today's quiz evaluates how efficient I have been in communicating ideas about DMT based on your responses to the questions below. II Objectives Understand the nature of self-assessment Make sense of the various concepts explored in class Gather an awareness of assessment that is conducive to further learning Experience what is like to put into practice the content learned in class III Check in IV Main Lesson VOCABULARY 1.The Circle: The circle represents a powerful symbol with perceived characteristics of totality, wholeness and completeness. Forming a circle is used frequently in Dance Movement Therapy (DM...
HOOK Patrick Bet-David and Chase Hughes delve into psychopathy. 10:50 - 20:21 https://youtu.be/hzIlhZbHL38?si=TNjNgWmI19934QTY Dr. Robert Hare - The Check List Question 1 Chase Hughes disagrees with Dr. Hare. Explain? Bystander effect "Genetics loads the gun, personality and psychology aim experience pulls the trigger." Jim Clemente FOGing (Fear, Obligation and Gilt) I Unit: Brain Rehabilitation Theme: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Introduction Research is now consolidating and expanding the evidence-base for dance/movement therapy and the creative arts therapies; understanding the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors in the patient-provider relationship; enhancing diagnostic specificity using movement assessments; movement disorders; gesture. II Learning Objectives Understand the concept of brain rehabilitation Explain how dance relates to brain rehabilitation Gain ...
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